Complete Guide to Windows XP

Test Included on The Bottom of The Page

Getting Started

The Windows XP Desktop

Introduction

Windows XP is an operating system that lets you use different types of applications or software. For example, it allows you to use a word processing application to write a letter and a spreadsheet application to track your financial information.

Windows XP is a graphical user interface (GUI). It has pictures (graphical) that you use (user) to communicate (interface) with the computer. This type of system is popular because it's logical, fun, and easy to use.

This operating system has multi-tasking capabilities, meaning it can run several applications at the same time. Multi-tasking allows you to view this lesson on the Internet at the same time you practice using other applications with Windows XP.

Microsoft has ended support for Windows XP. To learn more about what this means for you, check out our blog article How to survive the end of Windows XP support.

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Discuss the parts of the Windows XP desktop
• Discuss the parts of the Start menu
• Locate the taskbar
• Locate the Recycle Bin
• Log off and switch users
• Restart and turn off the computer properly

The Windows XP desktop

Like previous versions of Windows, Windows XP uses a desktop for the standard interface. Think of the desktop as workspaces where you can access everything you need to operate your computer, such as system components, applications, and the Internet.

The desktop contains:

• Start button: This is one of the most important tools you will use while working with Windows XP. The Start button allows you to open menus and start applications.
• Taskbar: This is primarily used to switch between open windows and applications. Learn more about using the taskbar in a later lesson.
• Icons (or graphical pictures): This represents applications, files, and other parts of the operating system. By default, Windows XP provides you with one desktop icon, the Recycle Bin. Learn more about the Recycle Bin in a later lesson.

Your desktop's appearance may vary from the example shown below, especially if you bought a computer with XP preinstalled.

The Start menu

To begin exploring Windows XP, click the Start button.

When you click the Start button, the Start menu appears. The Start menu is your gateway to the applications on your computer. The left side of the Start menu lists programs, while the right side allows access to common Windows folders (My Documents, for example). It also provides access to Help and Support, Search, and Run.

If you select All Programs, a pop-up menu appears. Pop-up menus like this are called cascading menus. If a cascading menu is available, a small black triangle appears next to the name of the application or function.

In the example below, the Word program has been selected.

To explore the Start menu:

1. Click the Start button.
2. Move the mouse pointer to each option, and view the various cascading menus.
3. Click (or roll your mouse pointer over) All Programs.
4. Move the mouse pointer to the right, and view other cascading menus.
5. To exit the menus, click outside the menu area or press Esc on your keyboard.

The Start menu remembers items you've recently opened and places each icon on the Start menu so you can easily open them the next time you open the Start menu. For example, if you recently opened Microsoft Word using StartAll ProgramsMicrosoft Word, the next time you open the Start menu simply click the Word icon on the left side of the Start menu.

Understanding icons

The small pictures on the desktop are called icons. One type of icon is an object icon. Examples of object icons are My Computer, Recycle Bin, and Internet Explorer. These icons allow you to open files and programs on your computer.

Shortcut icons allow you to open applications quickly. These icons appear on your desktop and with little arrows in the left corner. Desktop shortcuts are links to files and programs. You can add or delete shortcuts without affecting the programs on your computer. You'll learn about creating shortcuts in a later lesson.

To open a program using an icon:

1. Place your mouse over the icon.
2. Text appears identifying its name or contents.
3. Double-click the icon.

Understanding the taskbar

The taskbar is the small blue bar you see at the bottom of your desktop. It contains the Start menu and the Quick Launch bar, which contains icons for Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player, and Show Desktop. Click an icon to open a program. Click Show Desktop to quickly view your desktop without closing any programs or windows.

The box on the right is called the Notification Area. Here, you'll find the clock and several other icons, depending on what you have installed on your computer. Other icons appear in the Notification Area detailing the status of your activity. For example, when you're printing a document, a printer icon appears. Microsoft also uses the Notification Area to remind you when software updates are available for download.

When you open or minimize a window or program, a rectangular button appears on the taskbar that shows the name of the application. These buttons disappear when you close a window.

You can learn more about switching between windows in the Moving and Sizing Windows lesson.

Log off and switch users

More than one person can use your computer. For example, many family members might use the same computer at home, while several coworkers may be able to access your computer on a computer network. Windows XP allows everyone who uses your computer to have separate computer accounts. A computer account tracks each person's unique settings, documents, and email accounts.

Windows XP even enables you to log off the computer so someone else can log in without having to restart the computer.

To log off or switch users:

1. Click the Start menu, and then click Log Off.
2. A dialog box appears asking you if you want to Switch User or Log Off.
3. Switch User allows someone else to log on to the computer. If you choose to Switch User, your applications will continue to run in the background while the new user logs on.
4. If you choose Log Off, your applications will close.
5. In either case, you're taken to a Windows XP log on screen, where you're prompted to enter your username and password.

Turn off and restart your computer

When you've finished using Windows XP, be sure to turn off (or shut down) the computer correctly.

To turn off the computer:

1. Click the Start menu.
2. Click Turn Off Computer.
3. A dialog box opens. Click Turn Off.

If you're experiencing computer problems or have installed something new, you can simply restart your computer.

To restart the computer:

1. Click the Start menu.
2. Click Turn Off Computer.
3. A dialog box opens. Click Restart.

It's generally safest to turn off or restart your computer using the methods above. However, many computers are designed to safely shut down when the power button is pressed. Consult your manual to read about the recommended shutdown procedure.

Challenge!

• View the Start button, taskbar, and icons on the Windows XP desktop.
• Click the Start button, and view the cascading menus.
• Practice logging off and switching between users.
• Shut down your computer properly.

Launching Programs from the Start Menu

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Launch programs from the Start menu
• Launch Internet Explorer from the Start menu
• Launch Outlook Express from the Start menu

Exploring programs

Programs enable you to do work on the computer. For example, a word processing program like WordPad allows you to create a basic document. You can easily open a program from the Start menu using the All Programs button.

To open a program using the Start menu:

1. Click Start.
2. Click All Programs, and slide your mouse pointer until you've selected the program you want to open (it turns blue).
3. Click to open the program you've selected. (Remember, programs with small black arrows beside them will open another cascading menu. Simply drag your mouse pointer to make your selection.)
4. To close a program, click the  located at the top-right of the window.

Launching Internet Explorer from the Start menu

Internet, another choice on the Start menu, opens Internet Explorer; the web browser that comes bundled with Windows XP.

To launch Internet Explorer from the Start menu:

1. Click Start.
2. Choose Internet.
3. Click to open Internet Explorer.
4. To close a program, click the  located at the top-right of the window.

Note: You must be connected to the Internet for Internet Explorer to open a webpage.

Launching Microsoft Outlook Express from the Start menu

Email, another choice on the Start menu, opens Microsoft Outlook Express, the email client that comes bundled with Windows XP.

To launch Outlook Express from the Start menu:

1. Click Start.
2. Choose Email.
3. Click to open Microsoft Outlook Express.
4. To close Outlook Express, click the  located at the top-right of the window.

Challenge!

• Open the Calculator on your computer. (It's located under All ProgramsAccessories.)
• Close the Calculator.
• Launch Internet Explorer from the Start menu.
• Close Internet Explorer.
• Launch Outlook Express from the Start menu.
• Close Outlook Express.

Getting Familiar with the Windows XP Window

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Recognize and use commonly used Windows XP toolbars
• Recognize and use commonly used Windows XP buttons
• Scroll

Windows XP bars and buttons

Windows XP got its name from one its most basic elements: the window. The rectangular work area for a program, file, or other task is called a window.

Below is an example of a Microsoft Word window. While Word is a word processing program, the example below features many of the elements common in Windows XP.

The workspace is the white area inside the window. This is where you do your work with a program, such as writing a letter. Depending on what program you're working with, the workspace will appear differently.

More Windows XP bars and buttons

Windows XP offers several tools, menus, and commands that make the operating system easy to use.

The title bar is the horizontal bar at the top of a window. It's displayed as white text on a blue background by default.

The Control menu button is the icon at the far left end of the title bar. The Control menu button opens a menu you can use to control the window.

The Close button is at the far right end of the title bar. It looks like a box with an X in it. Click the Close button to close a window or exit a program. Next to the Close button, you'll see the Minimize and Maximize buttons. Learn more about these buttons in the next lesson.

More Windows XP bars and buttons

The menu bar is the below the title bar. It contains several menus, which let you see a list of commands.

Some menu options are followed by ellipsis, or ... Choosing a menu option followed by an ellipses will open a dialog box, which feature helpful tools to help you perform tasks.

Some Windows XP programs have toolbars across the top of the window. The toolbar buttons allow you to print, cut, paste, and perform other tasks. The options vary depending on the program.

To review taskbar functionality, see Lesson 1.

Scrolling

The scroll bar appears at the right side or the bottom of a window when all information in that window cannot be seen at the same time. Use the scroll bar to view hidden information.

The scroll bar features scroll arrows that allow you to move easily through a document. It's especially convenient when viewing a long document.

To scroll:

• Click the  arrow to scroll up.
• Click the  arrow to scroll down.
• Click the  arrows to scroll up one page at a time.
• Click the  arrows to scroll down one page at a time.
• Click the  button to open a browse menu.

OR

• Click and drag the scroll bars to view your document.

Challenge!

• Click Start.
• Choose All ProgramsAccessoriesNotepad.
• Choose File from the menu bar.
• While holding down the left mouse button, move the mouse pointer over the other menus (Edit, View, etc.) to view their drop-down menus.
• Choose FormatFont to open the Font dialog box.
• Close the Font dialog box.

Moving and Sizing Windows

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Use and understand the function of the Minimize, Maximize, and Restore buttons
• Move a window using the Title bar
• Click and drag to resize a window
• Tile and cascade windows
• Switch between windows

Minimizing, maximizing, and restoring windows

Windows allows you to easily enlarge, hide, or shrink a window using the Minimize, Maximize, and Restore buttons.

The Minimize button is among the three buttons at the right end of the title bar. This button has a small dash (or minus sign). The Minimize button shrinks the window and places it on the taskbar while leaving the program running.

The Maximize button, which looks like a small window, is used to enlarge a window to cover the entire desktop.

After a window is maximized, the Maximize button changes to the Restore button. It looks like two windows near one another. If you click the Restore button, the maximized window shrinks to its previous size (the size it was before you maximized it).

Sizing windows

Sizing windows is slightly different from minimizing, restoring, and maximizing. Note: You cannot size a window if it has been maximized.

To change the size of a window:

1. However the mouse pointer over any corner of the window. (You can also place the pointer over the borders of the window.)
2. The mouse pointer changes into a double-headed arrow.
3. Click and hold down the left mouse button.
4. Drag the arrow out or in to make the window larger or smaller.
5. Release the mouse button when the window is the size you want.

Make sure the mouse pointer changes into a two-headed arrow before you try to size the window.

Moving a window using the title bar

Sometimes a window may obscure an item you want to click on or view.

To move a window:

1. Place the mouse pointer over the title bar (located at the top of the window).
2. Click and hold down the left mouse button. (You cannot move a window that has been maximized other than to use the Minimize button.)
3. Drag the window to the place where you want it, then release the mouse button.

Tiling and cascading windows

Sometimes moving and sizing multiple windows can create confusion. To keep better track of multiple windows, try cascading or tiling the windows.

• Cascading windows are layered on top of each other.
• Tiled windows are next to each other. Windows can be tiled horizontally or vertically. If windows are tiled horizontally, they appear one above another. If windows are tiled vertically, they appear side by side.

To cascade or tile windows:

1. With two or more windows open, right-click on a blank area of the taskbar.
2. Choose Cascade Windows, Tile Windows Horizontally, or Tile Windows Vertically.

To return to your previous window arrangement:

1. Right-click on a blank area of the taskbar.
2. Select the Undo command.

To show the desktop:

1. Right-click on a blank area of the taskbar.
2. Choose Show the Desktop.

Switching between windows

Windows XP allows you to have more than one program open at the same time. It also allows you to easily move between open windows. The window you select becomes the active window. When a window is active on the desktop, its title bar (and button on the taskbar) is blue. When a window is inactive, the title bar is light blue.

To switch between windows:

1. Open more than one program.
2. Size the windows so they're open on the desktop.
3. Click on any part of the window you want to work with.

OR

• Click the program buttons on the taskbar to activate the window you want to work with.

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows XP keeps the taskbar from getting too cluttered. It groups the buttons when too many accumulate on the taskbar. For example, when you open Outlook Express you'll see one button on the taskbar. However, if you have three or more email message windows open, one button represents the Outlook Express's open windows.

Simply click the button to select from the pop-up list of open windows.

Switching using the keyboard method

When you have more than one window open, you can also switch between them using the keyboard.

To switch between windows using the keyboard method:

1. Open more than one program or window.
2. Press and hold down the Alt key while pressing the Tab key.
3. A menu featuring file and program an icon appears.
4. Tab to the window you want to view. Once it's outlined with a box, release both keys.

Challenge!

• Practice minimizing, maximizing, and restoring windows.
• Move a window using the title bar.
• Click and drag to resize a window.
• Practice tiling and cascading windows.
• Switch between windows using both methods described in this lesson.

Customizing Windows XP Using the Control Panel

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Navigate the Control Panel
• Set the time and date
• Customize the screen with a screensaver and wallpaper
• Customize the screen resolution
• Customize the taskbar

Introduction to the Control Panel

You don't have to be a computer genius to use Windows XP, but if you know something about how to set up some basic features and functions it will do a lot more for you. Windows XP makes this easier than ever with the Control Panel. The Control Panel features a number of tools that will help you control how Windows XP features look and act. But first you must learn how to access the Control Panel.

To access the Control Panel:

1. Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. The Control Panel opens.

OR

• Type Control Panel in the Address dialog box found on any Windows XP window.

OR

• Many folders feature a link to the Control Panel in the See Also dialog box (only in XP view).

No matter how you get to the Control Panel, it will look like this upon first viewing:

Navigate the Control Panel

If you're used to a previous version of Windows, you'll notice that the Control Panel in Windows XP looks different.

The Windows XP Control Panel is divided into Categories. If you click a category, the window presents a List of Tasks and related Control Panel icons.

Note: Task and Control Panel icons perform basically the same functions. For example, notice that you can "Choose a screen saver" in the Pick a Task list. Clicking this link opens the Display Properties dialog box. However, if you were to choose the Display icon, the Display Properties dialog box opens.

If you look at the left side of the window, you'll notice that they See Also and Troubleshooters dialog boxes provide several more related options.

The Windows XP Control Panel is designed to provide multiple ways to do something, thereby making it more users friendly. However, the new Control Panel design doesn't provide you with access to every available Control Panel tool—it only provides you with access to the most commonly used tools.

To access ALL of your Control Panel tools, you must switch to Classic view.

To switch to Classic view:

• Click the Classic View link on the left side of your Control Panel.
• Click the Switch to Category View link to switch back.

Use the menu bar and toolbar buttons to navigate and further explore Control Panel options.

Set the time and date

In the following pages, we'll explain how to perform some common Control Panel tools.

To change the time and date:

1. Open the Control Panel (located in Start menu).
2. Under Pick a Category, click Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options.
3. Under Pick a Task, click Change the date and time.
4. The Date and Time Properties dialog box opens.
5. Use the drop-down box to set the month and year.
6. Click the correct date on the calendar.
7. Click and select the current time to make a change.
8. If necessary, click the Time Zone tab and use the drop-down box to change the time zone.
9. Click OK to close the dialog box.

OR

1. Right-click the time in the lower-right on your desktop.
2. Choose Adjust Date/Time.
3. The Date and Time Properties dialog box opens.
4. Follow steps 5-9 from above.

Changing the wallpaper

Wallpaper is the background image that appears on your desktop. Windows XP offers many wallpaper choices.

To change the wallpaper:

1. Open the Control Panel (located in Start menu).
2. Under Pick a Category, click Appearance and Themes.
3. Under Pick a Task, click Change the desktop background.
4. The Display Properties dialog box opens with the Desktop tab selected.
5. In the Background box, click or use the arrow keys to view the choices.
6. Use the drop-down boxes to alter the wallpaper position or color.
7. Click OK to close the dialog box.

Advanced users:

• Click Browse... to choose a picture from the My Pictures folder (or to navigate to a picture located in another folder).
• Click the Customize Desktop button to alter your desktop icons or display a webpage on your desktop.

Customizing the taskbar

You already know about the taskbar, but did you know you can customize its appearance?

To customize the Start menu:

1. Open the Control Panel (located in Start menu).
2. Under Pick a Category, click Appearance and Themes.
3. Under Pick a Control Panel icon, click Taskbar and Start Menu.
4. The Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box opens with the Taskbar tab displayed.
5. Use the check boxes to customize its appearance, then click OK.

Click the Start Menu tab to switch between the XP Start menu and Classic Start menu. Classic Start menu is the Start menu that was featured in older versions of Windows.

Challenge!

• If necessary, adjust the date and time on your computer.
• Choose a new wallpaper and screensaver for your desktop.

Windows XP

File Management

Files, Folders, and Drives

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Create a file
• Create a folder
• Discuss drives

What is a file?

Files are collections of information. In fact, almost all of the information stored in a computer is stored in files. There are many different types of files, including operating system files, program files, and more.

Different types of files store different types of information. Each file is given a file name and has a three-letter file name extension that identifies the file type. (The file name and file name extension are separated by a period.) For example, a document created using WordPad might have the file name letter to John.doc.

Some common file name extensions include:

• doc or docx: Word or WordPad document
• jpg or jpeg: Picture file
• txt: Notepad text file
• xls or xlsx: Excel spreadsheet
• htm or html: HTML file (webpage)
• ppt: PowerPoint presentation
• mdb or accdb: Access database

Creating, renaming, and deleting Files

With Windows XP, you can create a file using different programs such as WordPad or Notepad.

To create a file using Notepad:

1. Click Start.
2. Choose All ProgramsAccessoriesNotepad.
3. Notepad opens.
4. Type, "This is my new document".
5. Choose FileSave from the menu bar (Ctrl + S).
6. The Save As dialog box appears.
7. Save your file to the desktop.
8. Name your document new document.
9. In the Save as type drop-down box, be sure your document is saved as a text document.
10. Click Save. Your file is now saved to the desktop.

Once you've created a file, you can rename it.

To rename a file:

1. Locate your file (in this case, the file is located on the desktop).
2. Right-click the file icon.
3. Choose Rename.
4. The filename is highlighted in blue, ready to be retyped.
5. Type a new name, then press Enter.
6. The file is renamed.

You can also select Delete from the menu to delete a file.

To delete a file:

1. Locate your file (in this case, the file is located on the desktop).
2. Right-click the file icon.
3. Choose Delete.
4. A Confirm File Delete dialog box appears asking you if you are sure you want to send the file to the Recycle Bin.
5. Choose Yes.
6. The file is moved to the Recycle Bin.

Get into the habit of periodically saving changes to documents you're working on in case of power outages or other problems.

What is a folder?

When you first start using Windows XP, you may only create a few files. Over time, you'll create MANY files. To keep your files organized, create folders. Windows XP uses various folders to store and manage files. To become more familiar with the structure of a Windows XP folder, let's open a folder called My Documents.

To open and view the contents of the My Documents folder:

1. Double-click the My Documents icon on the desktop.
2. The My Documents folder opens.

OR

1. Right-click the My Documents icon (on the desktop).
2. Choose Open.

OR

• Open the Start menu and choose My Documents.

Your, My Documents folder looks something like this:

All Windows XP folders include the following features:

• Title bar: Contains the name of the folder
• Menu bar: Contains the File, Edit, View, Favorites, Tools, and Help menus
• Navigation bar: Contains the Back, Forward, Up, Search, Folders, and Views buttons
• Address bar: Shows current folder location (use the drop-down arrow to navigate your computer's places)
• White space: Displays contents of a folder (folders and files)
• File and Folder Tasks list: A convenient list of tasks
• Other Places: A convenient list of your computer's places
• Details: Describes the folder

Learn more in the Using My Documents, My Computer and Windows Explorer lesson.

Creating, renaming, and deleting folders

At some point, you may want to create a folder within a folder. Here, practice creating a Job Search folder in the My Documents folder.

To create a new folder in the My Documents folder:

1. Open My Documents.
2. Choose FileNewFolder.
3. A new folder icon appears in My Documents, with its name highlighted. (The default is New Folder.)
4. Type a new, more descriptive name, then click Enter.

OR

1. Open My Documents.
2. Choose the Make a New Folder link from the File and Folder tasks menu.

To rename a folder:

1. Locate your folder.
2. Right-click the folder icon.
3. Choose Rename.
4. The folder name is highlighted in blue, ready to be retyped.
5. Type a new name, then press Enter.

OR

1. Open your folder.
2. Click the folder icon.
3. Choose Rename this folder from the File and Folder Tasks menu.

To delete a folder:

1. Locate your folder.
2. Right-click the folder icon.
3. Choose Delete.
4. A Confirm Folder Delete dialog box appears asking you if you are sure you want to send the file to the Recycle Bin.
5. Choose Yes.
6. The folder is moved to the Recycle Bin.

OR

1. Open your folder.
2. Click the folder icon.
3. Choose Delete this folder from the File and Folder Tasks menu.

What is a drive?

A drive, or disk drive, is hardware on which you can store files and folders. Disk drives are assigned a letter.

• Your hard drive (the drive inside your computer) is known as the (C:) drive.
• Your floppy disk drive is known as the (A:) drive.
• If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, it is usually called (D:).

Choose where you'll save your files during the Save As process. Most users store their files on the (C:) drive.

Challenge!

• Create a new file in Notepad, and name it Things To Do List.
• Save it on your desktop.
• Create a new folder in the My Documents folder, and call it Task Folder.

Working with Windows Explorer

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Discuss My Documents, Windows Explorer, and My Computer
• Navigate files, folders, and drives
• Move files and folders
• Copy files and folders
• Select more than one file or folder

Introduction to My Documents

My Documents is a folder that provides you with a convenient place to store your important files and folders. Remember, you can quickly reach My Documents in the Start menu or by double-clicking the My Documents icon on your desktop.

The My Documents folder looks something like the example below:

My Documents includes a few default subfolders called My Music, My Pictures, and My Videos. Feel free to use, rename, or delete these folders.

When you save a file in Microsoft Office, the file is automatically saved in My Documents unless you've chosen a different folder or drive.

Exploring Windows Explorer

Windows Explorer is a file management tool that lets you create, rename, and delete folders. It also allows you to copy, print, move, delete, rename, and manage files.

To open Windows Explorer:

1. Open My Documents.
2. Click the Folders button on the Navigation toolbar.
3. A list of folders opens in the left pane.

To explore Windows Explorer:

1. With Windows Explorer open, scroll until you see the Control Panel icon in the left pane.
2. Click the Control Panel icon. The contents (of the Control Panel folder) display in the right pane.
3. Practice viewing other folders in the list.
4. To close Windows Explorer, click the small black X in the upper right of the list OR click the Folder button.

Exploring My Computer

My Computer is another tool you can use to manage files and folders. With this tool, you can create, rename, and move folders and copy, print, move, delete, and rename files. It also allows you to gain access to other system tools.

To open My Computer:

1. Double-click the My Computer icon on the desktop. 

2. My Computer opens.

OR

1. Right-click the My Computer icon (on the desktop).
2. Choose Open.

OR

• Open the Start menu and choose My Computer.

Copying files and folders

Windows offers several ways of working with files and folders. Copying and moving are two useful techniques.

To copy a file or folder:

1. Open My Documents. Locate the file or folder you want to copy in My Documents or its subfolders.
2. Click the file or folder you want to copy. The file or folder darkens when you select it.
3. Under File and Folder Tasks, click Copy this file or Copy this folder.
4. In the Copy Items dialog box, select the place where you want to copy the file or folder.
5. Click the Copy button.

OR

• Choose EditCopy (Ctrl + C).

OR

• Right-click the file or folder and choose Copy.

THEN

• Locate the file or folder you want to copy and choose EditPaste (Ctrl + V).

OR

• Right-click the file or folder and choose Paste.

Moving files and folders

Moving files and folders is relatively easy using My Computer or Windows Explorer.

To move files and folders:

1. Open My Documents. Locate the file or folder you want to move in My Documents or its subfolders.
2. Click the file or folder you want to move. The file or folder darkens when you select it.
3. Under File and Folder Tasks, click Move this file or Move this folder.
4. In the Move Items dialog box, select the place where you want to move the file or folder.
5. Click the Move button.

OR

• Choose EditCut (Ctrl + X).

OR

• Right-click the file or folder and choose Cut.

THEN

• Locate the file or folder you want to copy and choose EditPaste (Ctrl + V).

OR

• Right-click the file or folder and choose Paste.

Selecting more than one file or folder

You may need to copy or move multiple files and folders.

To copy or move more than one file or folder:

1. Hold down the Ctrl key, then click to select the files or folders you want to move or copy.
2. The files or folders darken as they are selected.
3. Copy or move the file or folder using one of the methods explained on the previous pages.

To select a consecutive group of files, click the first file, press and hold down the Shift key, and click the last file. All of the files will be selected.

Choosing views

You can choose how you want to display files and folders. Display them as thumbnails, tiles, large icons, small icons, as a list, or as a list with details including size, type, and date last modified.

To choose the view for your files or folders:

1. Open My Documents.
2. Click the Views button.
3. A drop-down menu appears. Choose your view.
4. A large black dot appears next to your current choice.

OR

• Open the View menu and choose your view.

Challenge!

• Create a shopping list in WordPad. Type some items on your list, name it Shopping List, and save it on the desktop.
• Open Windows Explorer.
• Open the desktop folder icon in the left pane, and move Shopping List to the My Documents folder.
• Choose how you want to view your files and folders: thumbnails, tiles, large icons, small icons, list, or list with details.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Define a shortcut
• Add a shortcut

What is a shortcut?

A shortcut offers a way of performing a task more quickly, such as starting a program or accessing a document. The shortcut icon has a small arrow in the left corner to help you distinguish it from the actual icon that represents programs and files.

The icon above is a desktop shortcut for the Things to Do document that's actually stored in this particular user's My Documents folder.

When you delete a shortcut, the original item still exists on your computer in its original location.

Adding a shortcut

In this lesson, you will learn three ways to create a shortcut. Choose the one that works best for you.

To add a shortcut to the desktop using Windows Explorer or My Computer:

1. Open Windows Explorer or My Computer.
2. Double-click a drive or folder.
3. Click the file, program, or folder for which you want to make a shortcut. The item darkens when you select it.
4. Choose FileCreate Shortcut.
5. Resize the window so you can see the desktop.

6. Hover the mouse pointer over the shortcut icon, then hold down the left mouse button and drag the shortcut onto the desktop (in the left pane).
7. Release the left mouse button, and a shortcut is moved to the desktop.

Alternatively, press Ctrl + Shift while dragging the file to the desktop to create a shortcut.

Right-click to add a shortcut

One method to create a shortcut works in both My Computer and Windows Explorer. This method requires you to right-click.

To add a shortcut by right-clicking:

1. Open Windows Explorer or My Computer.
2. Double-click a drive or folder.
3. Right-click the file, program, or folder for which you want to make a shortcut.
4. A pop-up menu appears. Choose Create Shortcut.
5. Resize the window so you can see the desktop.

6. Hover the mouse pointer over the shortcut icon, then hold down the left mouse button and drag the shortcut onto the desktop (in the left pane).
7. Release the left mouse button, and a shortcut is moved to the desktop.

Challenge!

• Add a shortcut for your Shopping List to your desktop (created in the previous lesson).
• Open My Documents.
• When the folder opens, resize the window so you can see the desktop.
• Create a shortcut for Shopping List on the desktop using one of the three methods described in this lesson.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Discuss the function on the Recycle Bin
• Put files in the Recycle Bin
• Retrieve files from the Recycle Bin
• Empty the Recycle Bin

What is the Recycle Bin?

Sometimes files and folders can clutter your computer. The Recycle Bin, the desktop icon that resembles a wastebasket, is where you put a file or folder if you want to delete it.

You can open the Recycle Bin anytime and see what's inside by double-clicking the Recycle Bin icon located on the desktop or by using Windows Explorer.

Inside, you'll see a list of deleted items.

Placing files in the Recycle Bin

To move an item to the Recycle Bin from the Desktop, Windows Explorer, or My Computer:

• Click and drag the file or folder to the Recycle Bin.

OR

1. Right-click the file or folder you want to delete.
2. When the pop-up menu appears, choose Delete.
3. A dialog box appears asking whether you are sure you want to send the file or folder to the Recycle Bin.
4. Click Yes.

To move an item to the Recycle Bin from Windows Explorer or My Computer:

1. Click the file or folder you want to delete.
2. The file or folder darkens.
3. Choose Delete this file (or Delete this folder) from the File and Folder Tasks list.

Retrieving files from the Recycle Bin

Placing an item in the Recycle Bin doesn't mean you can't retrieve it at a later date. Using the Restore all items link (located in the Recycle Bin Tasks list) will move all files and folders in the Recycle Bin back to their original locations on your computer.

To restore all items in the Recycle Bin:

1. Click the Restore all items link in the Recycle Bin Tasks list.
2. The items are restored to their original locations.

To restore one file, click to select the file.

1. Restore all items changes to Restore this item.
2. Click Restore this item.
3. The item is restored to its original location.

Emptying the Recycle Bin

Emptying the Recycle Bin permanently deletes items. From this point, they cannot be recovered. Empty your Recycle Bin periodically to keep your computer running smoothly.

To empty the Recycle Bin:

• Click the Empty the Recycle Bin link in the Recycle Bin Tasks list.

Challenge!

• Open the shortcut for Shopping List. (You created it on the desktop in an earlier lesson.)
• Delete the shortcut by dragging it to the Recycle Bin.
• Open the Recycle Bin, and permanently delete the Shopping List shortcut.
• The original Shopping List remains on your computer.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Search for files and folders using the Search Companion

Opening the Search Companion

When you have trouble finding a file or folder on your computer, search for it using Microsoft XP's Search Companion.

To open the Search Companion:

• Open and Start menu and choose Search.

OR

• Open My Documents and click the Search button.

OR

1. Open My Computer and click the Search button.
2. The Search Companion opens in the left pane and presents the following list of options:

Using the Search Companion

Depending on which option you choose, you're presented with various ways to conduct your search.

Let's say you choose to search  for a particular file. The Search Companion prompts you with questions to help you refine your search. It's helpful if you can remember something about the missing file, such as all or part of the file name, file type, when you last worked with the file, a word or phrase in the file, or what drive it's on. The more criteria contained in your search, the more refined the search becomes.

To search using the Search Companion:

1. Enter as much information as you can remember into the Search Companion.
2. Click the drop-down arrows to add more criteria.
3. Use the Back button if necessary.
4. Click Search.

Using the Search Companion

1. Once you click Search, the Search Companion tells you what it's searching.
2. Your search results display in the white space.
3. The Search Companion tells you when the search is complete and prompts you with more Search options.
4. If your search is complete, click Yes, finished searching.
5. Simply double-click the file to open it.

Finding a file can take seconds, minutes, or much longer depending on the type of search and where you look. If you don't find the file or folder you're looking for on the first try, type in a different name and/or location.

To quickly review files listed in your search results, hover your mouse pointer over the file name. A yellow pop-up window displays, telling you its location, the file type, and size. Double-click the file to open it.

Previewing image files

You can preview image documents (including fax documents) using the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer without opening an image-editing program. This is especially useful when browsing through a list of non descriptive file names. For example, let's say you have a file named 09786.jpeg. You may wonder what the file looks like.

To preview an image file:

1. Right-click the file, then choose Preview from the pop-up menu.
2. The Windows Picture and Fax Viewer opens, displaying the image file.
3. Use the control buttons at the bottom of the window to perform basic tasks without opening an image-editing program.
4. Use the arrow buttons to view images as a slideshow.

Challenge!

• Using the Search Companion, search for Shopping List (created in an earlier lesson).
• If possible, use the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer to preview an image file.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Understand the nature of user accounts
• Create a new account
• Change an account
• Change the way users log on and off

Understanding user accounts

A user is someone who uses a computer. A user account defines what a user can do using Windows XP. In Windows XP, there are three types of user accounts.

• Administrator account. The administrator can do everything with the computer and can go anywhere he or she desires—essentially giving that person control over the entire computer, including other accounts. The administrator account can never be disabled or deleted.
• Standard account. Users with standard accounts can install programs and hardware, change pictures and related personal data, and create, change, or remove passwords.
• Guest account. A guest account doesn't require a password, can't add or remove programs from the computer, and is disabled by default. This account type is ideal for kids and students.

Managing user accounts

To easily manage user accounts, click the User Accounts icon in the Control Panel.

The User Accounts window presents you with an easy-to-use interface.

Creating a new account

You can create new user accounts as needed, giving others access to your computer (without sharing your password).

To create a new account:

1. Click Create a New Account in the User Accounts window.
2. A User Accounts window appears. Enter the name of the new account, then click Next.
3. The next window asks you to pick an account type. Choose Computer Administrator or Limited by clicking the appropriate radio button.
4. If you're not sure, click each one and read the list of actions that can be performed by the account type.
5. When finished, click the Create Account button.
6. The new account now appears in the User Account window.

Changing an account

Any account can be easily edited or changed from the User Accounts window.

To change an existing user account:

1. Click Change an Account in the User Accounts window.
2. A window appears asking you which account you want to change.
3. The next window (figure below) allows you to change the name on the account, the picture, and the account type; create a password; and delete the account. Make necessary changes.
4. Use the Back button to return to the original list to make any additional changes.

Passwords provide security and prevent unauthorized users from logging in by using someone else's user account. For more information on passwords, see our Password Tips lesson.

Changing user log on and log off procedures

You can also select the way users log on and log off.

To change log on and log off options:

• Click Change the way users log on and off in the User Accounts window.
• You'll see two check boxes that allow you to enable the Welcome screen and Fast User Switching. Fast User Switching allows you to switch to another user account without closing any programs.

Challenge!

• Open the Control Panel.
• Click the User Accounts link.
• Change the picture associated with your user account.
• Familiarize yourself with the concepts explained in this lesson.

Accessibility and Problem Solving

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Use the Accessibility Options dialog box

Accessibility and the Accessibility Options dialog box

As you know, a computer functions with both input (keyboard and mouse) and output (monitor and printer) devices. In this lesson, we'll focus on how Windows XP allows you to configure your computer's input and output behaviors to accommodate people with a range of disabilities.

To access the Accessibility Options dialog box:

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Click the Accessibility Options link.

3. The Accessibility Options window opens.
4. Under Or pick a Control Panel icon, click the Accessibility Options link.
5. The Accessibility Options dialog box opens.

Adjusting the keyboard

When you open the Accessibility Options dialog box, notice that it is equipped with five tabs: Keyboard, Sound, Display, Mouse, and General.

The Keyboard tab allows you to change the way your keyboard inputs information into Windows XP.

These features are especially helpful for users who have difficulty using the keyboard:

• Sticky Keys. Enable Sticky Keys so you don't have to hold down several keys at once on the keyboard. For example, if you want to use Control + Alt + Delete, Sticky Keys allows you to press one key at a time rather than having to hold them down all at once. To use Sticky Keys, check the Use Sticky Keys box and click the Settings button to adjust your personal settings. Once you enable or disable these, you can use them by pressing the Shift key five times in a row.
• Filter Keys. Enable Filter Keys to ignore brief or repeated keystrokes. To use Filter Keys, click the Use Filter Keys box and click the Settings button to adjust your personal settings.
• ToggleKeys. Enable ToggleKeys if you want to hear tones when pressing CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK, and SCROLL LOCK. To use ToggleKeys, click the Use ToggleKeys box and click the Settings button to adjust your personal settings.

Adjusting the sound

The Accessibility Options Sound tab allows you to enable Windows sounds to help you operate Windows XP.

These features are helpful for users who are hearing impaired. Choose from two options:

• Sound Sentry. Windows XP uses sound to alert users to certain warnings or notices. Sound Sentry enables these warnings to appear on your screen instead of as a sound. To use Sound Sentry, click the Use Sound Sentry check box. Then choose the kind of visual warning you want to receive.
• Show Sounds. Use Show Sounds to tell any programs to show text for any sounds or speech they may use. To use Show Sounds, click the Use Show Sounds check box.

Adjusting the display

The Display tab allows you to use high-contrast colors and adjust the cursor to make reading easier.

These features are helpful for users who are visually impaired. Choose from two options:

• To enable High Contrast, click the Use High Contrast check box. Clicking the Settings button enables the shortcut for High Contrast, ALT+SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN.
• Use the sliders to change the cursor blink rate and width of the cursor.

Using MouseKeys

The Mouse tab allows you to use the numeric keypad on your keyboard to control the pointer. To use MouseKeys, click the Use MouseKeys check box. Clicking the Settings button enables the shortcut for MouseKeys, LEFT ALT+LEFT SHIFT+NUM LOCK.

The General tab

The General tab provides additional accessibility control options.

• Automatic reset. If accessibility features are turned on, users can turn off accessibility features after being idle for a specific period of time. Use the drop-down menu to select the desired time.
• Notification. Receive a warning when turning a feature on, or make a sound when turning a feature on or off.
• Serial Keys. Turn on Serial Keys so other input devices (other than the traditional keyboard and mouse) can work with Windows XP.
• Administrative options. Computer administrators can apply all accessibility options to the log on desktop and apply all accessibility settings for each new user.

Challenge!

• Open the Control Panel.
• Open the Accessibility Options dialog box.
• Experiment with the options explained in this lesson.
• Turn on any options that are helpful to you.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Adjust Windows XP for vision, hearing, and mobility needs

What is the Accessibility Wizard?

Wizards are helpful programs that lead you through a series of steps. Usually, each step asks you to input some information and then uses that information to accomplish a certain task. Microsoft Windows XP's Accessibility Wizard allows you to customize your computer with tools designed to help meet your vision, hearing, or mobility needs.

To open the Accessibility Wizard:

1. Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesAccessibilityAccessibility Wizard.
2. The Accessibility Wizard opens.

OR

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Click the Accessibility Options link.
3. The Accessibility Options window opens.
4. Under Pick A Task, click Configure Windows to work for your vision, hearing, and mobility needs.
5. The Accessibility Wizard opens.

While Windows XP provides basic accessibility tools to users with special needs, many users with disabilities purchase additional programs and devices to aid in their daily computer use.

The Text Size page

Once you've successfully opened the Accessibility Wizard, click Next to beyond the welcome screen.

In the Text Size window, click or use the arrow keys to select the smallest text you can read. Click Next.

The Display Settings page

On this page, you'll see some check boxes that allow you to select how your display appears. You can choose to change the font size, use Microsoft Magnifier, and display personalized menus. You may also be able to switch to a lower screen resolution, depending on your computer. Make your selection(s) and click Next.

The Set Wizard Options page

On this page, select the type of disability you have so the wizard can help you select some options to meet your needs. For example, if you choose "I have difficulty using the keyboard or mouse", the next several pages present you with options to best meet your needs. Make your selection(s) and click Next.

Continue using the Accessibility Wizard until you reach a summary screen. Windows XP is now configured for your needs.

The Magnifier

Remember, the Accessibility Wizard, working with your responses, enables such utilities as magnifier, narrator, on-screen keyboard, and utility manager. However, you can also turn them on via the Start menu.

Microsoft Magnifier makes the screen more readable. It creates a separate window that shows a magnified portion of your screen.

To open the Magnifier using the Start menu:

• Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesAccessibilityMagnifier.

Whether you open the Magnifier using the Accessibility Wizard or the Start menu, the Magnifier Settings window opens.

Here, you can:

• Set the magnification level. The default setting is 2. Use the drop-down arrow to select the size that meets your needs.
• Follow the mouse cursor. By default, the Magnifier shows whatever you are pointing to with your mouse.
• Follow keyboard focus. By default, the Magnifier follows what you do on the keyboard.
• Follow text editing. When typing a document, the Magifier follows the cursor and magnifies the text as you type or make changes.
• Invert colors. This feature inverts the colors in the Magnifier.
• Start minimized. The Magnifier starts as a minimized option on your computer.
• Show the Magnifier. By default, the Magnifier shows at the top of the screen.

The Narrator

The Narrator can read items on the screen to you. However, the Narrator works only in English and may not work with every program installed on your computer. Your computer will also need to be equipped with a sound card and speakers in order for the narrator to function properly.

To open the Narrator using the Start menu:

• Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesAccessibilityNarrator.

Whether you open the Narrator using the Accessibility Wizard or the Start menu, the Narrator window opens.

Here, you can:

• Announce events on screen. Narrator announces new windows that appear or system messages.
• Read typed characters. Narrator reads typed characters aloud.
• Move your mouse pointer to the active item. Narrator moves your mouse pointer to the active window item for you.
• Start Narrator minimized. Narrator starts as a minimized option.

The Onscreen Keyboard and Utilities Manager

The Onscreen Keyboard opens an onscreen keyboard on your screen. You can use the mouse to click the keys. This is a limited version, but you can learn about other utilities such as this at the Microsoft Accessibility page.

The Utilities Manager is a helpful tool that allows you to manage all Accessibility tools.

To start the Utilities Manager:

• Hold down the Windows key + U.

OR

1. Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesAccessibilityUtilities Manager.
2. The Utilities Manager opens.

This window tells you which Accessibility tools are currently running and can help you troubleshoot any problems.

Challenge!

• If you have special needs, open the Accessibility Wizard to enable tools to best suit your needs.

OR

• Open the Magnifier, Narrator, Onscreen Keyboard, and Utilities Manager to explore these accessibility resources available to you and those who use the computer.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Use the Help and Support Center

Opening the Help and Support Center

You don't have to remember how to do everything with Windows XP. If you get stumped, Windows XP features an easy-to-use Help and Support Center to assist you.

Microsoft has ended support for Windows XP, so some features in the Help and Support Center may no longer work.

To access the Help and Support Center:

1. Click StartHelp and Support.
2. The Help and Support Center window opens.
3. The home section is displayed.

When you get to the Help and Support Center, you arrive in the home section. Here, you can pick a help topic or task, search, and ask for outside assistance. Notice that the home section looks and acts much like a webpage. As you use Help, notice that some Help files are stored on your computer, whereas others are stored on the Internet.

The Index

Notice the buttons across the top of the home section. The Index option works like any other index, providing you with a fast and easy way to locate topics and resources.

To use the Index:

1. Open the Help and Support Center.
2. Click the Index button. 
3. The Index opens. The entire Index is displayed in alphabetical order in the left pane.
4. Type in a keyword that pertains to the topic you're interested in.
5. Double-click a topic you want to explore in the left pane. Information about the topic displays in the right pane, or a Topics Found dialog box appears.
6. If a Topics Found dialog box appears, click Display or Cancel.
7. If you click Display, information about the topic displays in the right pane.
8. Click Cancel to close the dialog box and begin a new search.

Favorites and History

Favorites

The Favorites option works much like Favorites in Internet Explorer. Whenever you find a help-related page you want to visit again in the future, click the Add to Favorites button. The page will be added to a Favorites list.

When you want to review your Help Favorites, open the Help and Support Center and click the Favorites button.

History

The History option, as in Internet Explorer, keeps track of all of the Help and Support Center pages you have visited online. To review pages you've visited in the past, click the History button. Double-click any of the links to display any of the pages.

Support

If you are having trouble with Windows XP that you can't resolve on your own, there is support available to you in the Help and Support Center. To access Support, click the Support button.

You can get support in a variety of ways:

• Ask a friend to help. If you have an Internet connection, you can invite someone you trust to chat with you, view your desktop, and work on your computer.
• Get help from Microsoft. Using an Internet connection, you can allow a Microsoft support professional to answer your questions via email, chat, view your screen, or work on your computer.
• Go to a Windows website forum. Windows Newsgroups are online resources that allow to you to communicate with other Windows users about any problems you may be experiencing.

Help's search function

Searching for help topics is perhaps the fastest and most useful way to use the Help and Support Center.

To use search:

1. Open the Help and Support Center.
2. In the Search box, type a keyword that pertains to the topic you're interested in, then click the green arrow key.

3. Your search results are listed in the left pane.

4. Click to choose a result that best answers your concerns.
5. The explanation will display in the right pane.

Challenge!

• Open the Help and Support menu.
• Explore the Help options discussed in this lesson.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• View installed printers or fax printers
• Add a printer
• Troubleshoot common printing problems

The Printers and Faxes folder

Windows XP stores any information about any printer or fax machines connected to your computer in a Printers and Faxes folder, making it easy to install, manage, and use printers and fax machines.

To view the Printers and Faxes folder:

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Under Pick a Category, choose Printers and Other Hardware.
3. The Printers and Other Hardware folder opens.
4. Under Pick A Task, choose View installed printer or fax printers or Add a printer.
5. The Printers and Faxes folder opens.
6. In the left pane, you'll see several helpful links.
7. In the right pane, you see a list of any printers or faxes that are installed on your machine.

Adding a printer

Adding a printer is simple using the Add Printer Wizard available in the Printers and Faxes folder.

Before trying to add a printer:

• Make sure your printer is compatible with Windows XP. If you're buying a new printer, make sure to do your research before you make a purchase.
• Get out your printer's manual or CD-ROM and read it.
• Set up your printer, and attach it to your computer using a printer's cable and the correct port on your computer.

Note: Many of the latest plug-and-play printers connect through a USB port. If your printer falls into this category, you may not need the Add a Printer Wizard. If you must use the wizard and your printer isn't listed in the Windows XP list (which usually displays when you try to add a new printer), you may have to contact the printer manufacturer for a driver. When you get the driver, follow the Add a Printer instruction on your computer.

Having trouble printing?

Perhaps you've written a great report and want to share it with your boss. The problem is, you're having trouble printing it.

Try these troubleshooting techniques:

• Take care of the basics. Make sure the printer is plugged in, turned on, and has paper in it.
• Make sure the printer cable is properly connected to the printer and to the computer.
• Check to see if there is a paper jam. Most printers have a flashing light to indicate a jam. Also, if the paper size selected differs from the one in the paper tray, you will not be able to print. To choose a paper size, select FilePage Setup. Click the Paper Size tab.
• Check to see that the printer toner, cartridge, and ribbon are fresh and adequate. If not, printed documents may appear streaky, blotchy, or even blank.
• Make sure the printer is switched to On-line mode. There is usually a button on your printer's control panel. If it is switched to Offline mode, it will not print.
• Make sure the computer knows what printer you are using. Check this by clicking StartControl PanelPrinters and Other HardwareView installed printers or fax printers. If an icon for your printer doesn't appear, try restarting your computer. If you printer still doesn't appear, you may need to add it. Click Add a Printer, then follow the instructions in the Add Printer Wizard.

More printer troubleshooting tips

Because so many issues can affect your printer, you should also consider these problem-solving tips:

• If you work in an office environment where several people share a printer, there may be a network problem. Contact your network support person.
• If you can find the manual for your printer, read it to see if you can find a solution to the problem.
• If your printer still doesn't work, go to the Help and Support Center. Under Pick a Help Topic, click Printing and Faxing, or enter the term "printer" into the Search box.
• Open the Printing Troubleshooter. Answer the questions and follow the instructions so the computer can help you figure out what's wrong.

To open the printing troubleshooter:

1. Click StartControl PanelPrinters and Other Hardware.
2. In the left pane, open the Troubleshooters category.
3. Click Printing.
4. The printing troubleshooter opens.

Challenge!

• Open the Printers and Faxes folder.
• View the printer(s) and fax machine(s) currently installed on your machine.
• Explore the Add a Printer and Printing Troubleshooter links in the left pane.
• Add a new printer if necessary.

Introduction

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Define System Tools
• Run Disk Defragmenter
• Run Disk Cleanup
• Open the Scheduled Task Wizard
• Deal with an unresponsive computer

What are System Tools?

It's important to perform some basic maintenance from time to time to keep Windows XP running smoothly. Luckily, Windows XP provides you with some basic tools to make the maintenance process as painless as possible. You can access these tools via the System Tools menu.

To open the System Tools menu:

1. Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesSystem Tools.
2. A cascading System Tools menu opens.

Disk Defragmenter

All Windows XP computers have at least one hard disk. The hard disk acts as your computer's storage area. Almost everything installed on your computer—applications, files, folders, and the operating system—is stored here.

With general use (creating new files, deleting files, or installing new software), your hard disk can become fragmented. This means parts of the same disk file become scattered over different areas of the disk. A fragmented hard disk slows down your computer and hinders its performance.

To keep your hard disk running smoothly, you must routinely defragment, or "defrag" the hard disk. The Disk Defragmenter tool can help you do this.

To use Disk Defragmenter:

1. Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesSystem ToolsDisk Defragmenter.
2. The Disk Defragmenter opens.

To open Microsoft Management Console:

1. Open Disk Defragmenter.
2. Open the Action menu.
3. Click Help.
4. A Microsoft Management Console opens and explains how to run Disk Defragmenter.

Note: You may need to be logged in as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group to perform some tasks associated with the Disk Defragmenter. Disk Defragmenter should be run every three months.

Disk Cleanup

Disk Cleanup is another tool that helps keep Windows XP operating as it should. It inspects your hard disk and looks for files that can be safely deleted. Deleting unnecessary files frees up valuable disk space.

To run Disk Cleanup:

1. Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesSystem ToolsDisk Cleanup.
2. The Disk Cleanup window opens. Click the Disk Cleanup tab if it's not showing.
3. Disk Cleanup lists several potential files that can be deleted, as well as the amount of disk space you'll gain by emptying each one.
4. To learn more about a file category, click it and click the View Files button. A description appears.
5. Click the check boxes next to the categories you want to delete, then click OK.
6. A dialog box appears asking whether you are sure you want to perform these actions. Click Yes or No as appropriate.

Disk Cleanup

The More Options tab gives you even more disk cleanup options.

Note: It's recommended that you run Disk Cleanup every three months.

The Scheduled Task Wizard

Fortunately, you don't need to remember to run each of these utilities. Windows XP includes a Scheduled Task Wizard that runs each of them for you.

To open the Scheduled Task Wizard:

• Choose StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesSystem ToolsScheduled Tasks.

OR

1. Choose StartControl PanelPerformance and MaintenanceScheduled Tasks.
2. The Scheduled Tasks folder opens.
3. Double-click Add a Scheduled Task.
4. The Scheduled Tasks Wizard opens.
5. Keep clicking Next to select the program(s) you want Windows to run. If the task you want is not listed, click the Browse button to locate it. Then schedule a convenient time.

Dealing with an unresponsive computer

While performing regular maintenance on your computer should keep it running smoothly, it still may occasionally freeze up or become unresponsive to the click of a mouse or keyboard.

• If your computer freezes, try waiting it out. Sometimes it takes your computer a few seconds to complete a task.

OR

• Press the ESC on your keyboard.

OR

• Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete on your keyboard. The Windows Task Manager opens. Here, you can monitor applications, processes, performance, networking, and users. If you need to restart your computer, choose Shut-DownRestart. If you need to turn off your computer, choose Shut-DownTurn Off.

Challenge!

• Locate the System Tools menu.
• Open the Disk Defragmenter. Open the Action menu. Click Help. Learn more about running Disk Defragmenter.
• Open Disk Cleanup. Run Disk Cleanup if necessary in order to free up hard disk space.

Having Trouble Printing?

Perhaps you've written a great report and want to share it with your boss. The problem is, you're having trouble printing it.

Try these troubleshooting techniques:

• Take care of the basics. Make sure the printer is plugged in, turned on, and has paper in it.
• Make sure the printer cable is properly connected to the printer and to the computer.
• Check to see if there is a paper jam. Most printers have a flashing light to indicate a jam. Also, if the paper size selected differs from the one in the paper tray, you will not be able to print. To choose a paper size, select FilePage Setup. Click the Paper Size tab.
• Check to see that the printer toner, cartridge, or ribbon is fresh and adequate. If not, printed documents may appear streaky, blotchy, or even blank.
• Make sure the printer is switched to Online mode. There is usually a button on your printer's control panel. If it is switched to Offline mode, it will not print.
• Make sure the computer knows what printer you are using. Check this by clicking StartControl PanelPrinters and Other HardwareView installed printers or fax printers. If an icon for your printer doesn't appear, try restarting your computer. If your printer still doesn't appear, you may need to add it. Click Add a Printer, then follow the instructions in the Add Printer Wizard.
• If you work in an office environment where several people share a printer, there may be a network problem. Contact your company's network support specialist.
• If you can find the manual for your printer, read it to see if you can find the solution to the problem.

If you're using Windows XP:

• If your printer still doesn't work, go to Help and Support Center. Under Pick a Help Topic, click Printing and Faxing. Or enter the term "printer" into the Search box.
• Open the Printing Troubleshooter. Answer the questions and follow the instructions so the computer can help you figure out what's wrong.

To open the Printing Troubleshooter:

1. Click StartControl PanelPrinters and Other Hardware.
2. In the left pane, open the Troubleshooters category.
3. Click Printing.
4. The Printing Troubleshooter opens.

Question 1 of 15

What is Windows XP?

A. Shareware software
B. An operating system
C. A mouse technique
D. Part of Office 2000

What menu do you use to open a program?

A. Open menu
B. File menu
C. Start menu
D. None of the above

Question 3 of 15

What is Internet Explorer?

A. A web browser that comes bundled with Windows XP
B. A free email program that comes bundled with Windows XP
C. A free game that comes bundled with Windows XP
D. None of the above

True or False: You cannot size a window after it has been maximized.

A. True
B. False

Question 5 of 15

To access the Control Panel:

A. Click Start, then click Control Panel
B. Type Control Panel in the Address dialog box found on any Windows XP window
C. Find a link to the Control Panel in the See Also dialog box (only in XP view) 
D. Do any of the above

Question 6 of 15

In Windows XP, what is a folder?

A. Space on the desktop
B. A data and graphic transmission tool
C. A location where you can store files and other folders
D. A large box kept beside your computer

True or False: Once you create a new file or folder, it cannot be renamed.

A. True
B. False

Question 8 of 15

All of the following are true statements about My Documents EXCEPT:

A. My Documents is a folder that provides you with a convenient place to store your important files and folders
B. Reach My Documents in the Start menu or by double-clicking the My Documents icon on your desktop
C. My Documents includes a few default subfolders called My Music, My Pictures, and My Videos
D. My Documents is hardware on which you can store files

Question 9 of 15

To retrieve a file from the Recycle Bin, click to open the Recycle Bin, select the file you want to retrieve, and:

A. click the Restore All Items link in the Recycle Bin Tasks list
B. click the Restore This Item link in the Recycle Bin Tasks list
C. do both A and B
D. do none of the above

Question 10 of 15

All of the following are a type of user account featured in Windows XP EXCEPT:

A. Gaming account
B. Administrator account
C. Guest account
D. Standard account

Question 11 of 15

What is the Accessibility Wizard's function?

A. It allows you to customize your computer with tools designed to help meet your vision, hearing, or mobility needs
B. It allows you to open My Documents
C. It allows you to bookmark your favorite webpages
D. It allows you to save files

Question 12 of 15

If you are having difficulty with Windows XP that you can't resolve on your own, Windows XP offers the following support option(s):

A. Ask a friend to help
B. Get help from Microsoft
C. Go to a Windows website forum
D. All of the above

Question 13 of 15

True or False: Some Help files are stored on your computer, whereas others are stored on the Internet.

A. True
B. False

Question 14 of 15

To add a printer:

A. use the Add Printer Wizard
B. make sure your printer is compatible with Windows XP
C. set up your printer and attach it to your computer using a printer's cable and correct port on your computer
D. do all of the above

Question 15 of 15

System Tools such as Disk Defragmenter and Disk Cleanup should be run ________ to keep Windows XP running smoothly.

A. every three months
B. when your computer's performance is sluggish or unresponsive
C. neither A nor B
D. both A and B